Earth Technology

The Geologist's Guide to Finding Spodumene-Bearing Pegmatites Introduction Identifying spodumene-bearing pegmatites in the field requires a combination of geological knowledge, keen observation skills, and the use of specific tools. This article will guide you through the process of recognizing these valuable lithium-rich deposits. This article will cover the geological settings, visual identification, associated minerals, structural features, field tools and techniques and field observations to help in prospecting and exploration of spodumene-bearing pegmatites.  1. Geological Setting Tectonic Aspects Understanding the tectonic environment is crucial. Spodumene-bearing pegmatites often form in stable cratonic regions where igneous rocks, such as granites, and high-grade metamorphic rocks, such as gneisses and schists, are prevalent. These pegmatites are also commonly found near the edges of granitic plutons or within metamorphic belts subjected to significant tectonic st...

Understanding the ESG Challenges of Cobalt Mining in the Congo Introduction Cobalt is a key ingredient in batteries for electric vehicles and smartphones, making it crucial for modern technology. However, mining cobalt, especially in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), comes with serious environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues. The DRC produces about 70% of the world’s cobalt, but this mining process has significant negative impacts due to unscientific approach. This article explores these ESG challenges in depth. Cobalt ore Environmental Impact of Cobalt Mining Cobalt mining in the DRC has led to severe environmental damage. The process often involves harmful chemicals like sulfuric acid and cyanide, which can pollute water and soil. This contamination affects local wildlife and ecosystems, leading to deforestation and the destruction of natural habitats. Mining waste is frequently dumped without proper regulation, causing further environmental harm. A report b...

Challenges of Poor Environmental Impact Assessments in Mining Projects: A Critical Analysis for India Introduction Mining plays a pivotal role in India's economy, contributing significantly to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and employment. However, the environmental impacts associated with mining activities cannot be overlooked. To mitigate these impacts, regulatory frameworks require thorough Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) before granting environmental clearance for mining projects. Despite these regulations, the effectiveness of EIAs in India has been questioned, leading to delays and controversies in the clearance process. It is important to collaborate and prioritize the integrity of the EIA process for the long-term benefit of the environment, mining industry growth and communities affected by mining activities. This article critically examines the challenges posed by poor EIAs in Indian mining projects. Understanding Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) Env...

Exploring and mining Indian Ocean mineral resources Polymetallic nodules of the Indian ocean. Introduction The Indian Ocean, one of the world's major oceans, holds vast potential for deep-sea mineral resources. This vast body of water covers approximately 20% of the Earth's surface and is characterized by its immense depth and unique geological features. In recent years, increasing interest and exploration efforts have shed light on the rich mineral deposits lying beneath the ocean floor. This article aims to highlight into the aspects of deep-sea minerals in the Indian Ocean, discuss their significance and draw conclusions about their future exploitation. Discussion The composition of deep-sea minerals in the Indian Ocean varies widely, encompassing a diverse range of valuable resources. One of the most notable resources found in abundance is polymetallic nodules. These potato-sized nodules are primarily composed of manganese, nickel, copper, cobalt, and traces of othe...