Earth Technology

Implementing Six Sigma in Mining Operations 1. Introduction The mining industry in India is a crucial segment of the economy, providing essential raw materials for various industries. However, it faces challenges such as inefficiencies, high operational costs, and quality control issues. This study led by Dr. Vinay Sahay explores the application of Six Sigma methodologies in different phases of mining operations, such as drilling, blasting, overburden excavation, deposit & waste hauling, and mineral processing. Six Sigma, a data-driven approach aimed at process improvement and variation reduction, offers a structured methodology to address these challenges. 2. Phases of Mining Operations and Associated problems Opencast Mining Operations Drilling Equipment Failure : Frequent malfunctions and breakdowns of drilling equipment. Accuracy Issues : Inaccurate drilling leading to improper fragmentation. Safety Concerns : Hazards associated with drilling in unstable g...

How Climate Change is Worsening Summer Conditions in India Introduction Climate change is having a big impact on weather patterns and environmental conditions globally, with India being equally vulnerable. The intensifying effects of climate change are worsening summer conditions across the country, leading to numerous adverse consequences. This escalation in summer severity is evident through various changes observed in recent years, such as the extreme heat wave in 2022, where temperatures in parts of North India soared to unprecedented levels, affecting millions of people. This summer also, India has experienced a significant number of deaths due to extreme heat. Climate change is causing impacts at all levels. Increased Heat waves Climate change has led to a significant rise in the frequency and intensity of heat waves across India, making summers hotter and more prolonged. Example : In the summer of 2019, India experienced one of its most severe heat waves, with tem...

Challenges of Poor Environmental Impact Assessments in Mining Projects: A Critical Analysis for India Introduction Mining plays a pivotal role in India's economy, contributing significantly to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and employment. However, the environmental impacts associated with mining activities cannot be overlooked. To mitigate these impacts, regulatory frameworks require thorough Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) before granting environmental clearance for mining projects. Despite these regulations, the effectiveness of EIAs in India has been questioned, leading to delays and controversies in the clearance process. It is important to collaborate and prioritize the integrity of the EIA process for the long-term benefit of the environment, mining industry growth and communities affected by mining activities. This article critically examines the challenges posed by poor EIAs in Indian mining projects. Understanding Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) Env...

 India's Precambrian Iron Ore Deposits   Introduction India is blessed with significant iron ore resources, primarily associated with volcano-sedimentary Banded Iron Formations (BIF) of Precambrian age. Among the various types of iron ores found in India, hematite and magnetite are the most prominent, with hematite being particularly crucial due to its high-grade quality and lumpy nature, making it a preferred choice for steel and sponge iron industries. The bulk of iron ore resources are concentrated in states like Orissa, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, and Goa. Iron ore deposits of varying sizes are also found in states such as Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Rajasthan. Iron ore hillocks, showing open cast mining, in Bailadila region of Chhattisgarh state. Mineralogy of iron ores The mineralogy of iron ores varies widely depending on the geological processes that formed them, as well as their subsequent alteration and weathering. Understanding the ...