Earth Technology

Optimizing Drilling Spacing for Mineral Exploration: Best Practices and JORC Compliance Core drilling for dipping mineral deposits Introduction  In the field of mineral exploration, one of the critical steps towards accurately defining a mineral deposit and resource is the implementation of an efficient drilling program. The success of this program hinges on meticulous planning and adherence to industry standards such as the JORC Code (Joint Ore Reserves Committee Code). The JORC Code itself does not prescribe specific drilling spacings for different types of minerals. Instead, it provides principles and guidelines for reporting exploration results, mineral resources, and ore reserves, emphasizing transparency, materiality, and competence. However, industry practices have established typical drilling spacings for different types of minerals based on experience and geological considerations. This article highlights into best practices for drilling spacing across various minerals. ...

The Influence of Geological Structures on Gold Deposits: Faults, Shear Zones, and Folds 1. Introduction Gold mineralization is a complex process influenced by a multitude of geological factors, among which structural controls play a pivotal role. This article, based on experiences of Dr. Vinay Sahay in gold exploration, presents the various structural settings that influence gold deposit formation, including fault zones, shear zones, and fold systems. By examining these structures, the mechanisms of gold transport and deposition can be better understood, providing valuable insights for exploration and mining. This article highlights key examples from Archean greenstone belts, mesothermal/orogenic gold deposits, and epithermal gold systems, illustrating the diverse structural environments that host significant gold mineralization. 2. Geological Setting Gold deposits occur in various geological settings, each characterized by specific structural features. These include orogenic...

The Geologist's Guide to Finding Spodumene-Bearing Pegmatites Introduction Identifying spodumene-bearing pegmatites in the field requires a combination of geological knowledge, keen observation skills, and the use of specific tools. This article will guide you through the process of recognizing these valuable lithium-rich deposits. This article will cover the geological settings, visual identification, associated minerals, structural features, field tools and techniques and field observations to help in prospecting and exploration of spodumene-bearing pegmatites.  1. Geological Setting Tectonic Aspects Understanding the tectonic environment is crucial. Spodumene-bearing pegmatites often form in stable cratonic regions where igneous rocks, such as granites, and high-grade metamorphic rocks, such as gneisses and schists, are prevalent. These pegmatites are also commonly found near the edges of granitic plutons or within metamorphic belts subjected to significant tectonic st...